A Review on Pain and Its Management with Opio...

A Review on Pain and Its Management with Opioid Analgesics

Author Name : Amrutha.MK, Deborah Rose, Dr. C J Glady Gloria Grant, Dr. D Krishnarajan

ABSTRACT

Pain is a general term used todescribe uncomfortable sensations in the body whichstem from activation of the nervous system.Pain is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic. It is possible to experience more than one type at the same time, identifying the type of pain will help healthcare professionals narrow down the potential causes and develop a treatment plan.With multiple neurotransmitters and receptors involved, the pain pathway is complex with the transmission of noxious information from the periphery to the central nervous system and cortex.Transduction, transmission, pain modulation, and perception are the four steps involved in the pain pathway. Opioid analgesics are pain-relieving drugs that act on opioid receptors inducing morphine-like effects. They are classified into natural opium alkaloids synthetic and semisynthetic. They are mainly used as an antidiarrheal, cough suppressant, anesthesia, for acute pulmonary edema and to treatopioid dependence.

KEYWORDS: Pain, Opioid analgesics, Opioid receptors, Dorsal horn, Codeine