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Author Name : 12345

ABSTRACT Leukemia is a complex group of blood cancers that originate in the bone marrow and blood-forming tissues. It remains a significant global medical challenge. Leukemia results from genetic mutations that disrupt the normal growth and differentiation of white blood cells, causing uncontrolled proliferation and compromising the immune system. This disease encompasses various subtypes, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The incidence of these subtypes varies by age, with ALL being more common in children and AML and CLL predominantly affecting adults. Diagnosing leukemia involves a series of tests, including blood examinations, bone marrow aspiration, and cytogenetic analysis. These tests help identify specific genetic abnormalities, aiding in subtype classification and risk assessment.