Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:...

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Basic Concepts, Algorithms, and Future Trends

Author Name : Jayant. P. Morey

ABSTRACT Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are rapidly advancing fields that are revolutionizing how we interact with technology and interpret data. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the foundational concepts of AI and ML, categorizing key learning paradigms such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. It explores essential algorithms and techniques that power intelligent systems, such as neural networks, clustering methods, and decision trees. In addition to highlighting real-world applications in sectors like healthcare, finance, and transportation, the paper discusses critical challenges including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and interpretability. Finally, the study examines emerging trends such as explainable AI, edge computing, federated learning, and the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), offering insights into the future direction of the field. The objective is to provide a foundational yet forward-looking understanding of AI and ML for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike.