Botulinum Toxin: A Pharmacological Review

Botulinum Toxin: A Pharmacological Review

Author Name : Priyanka Sen, Anshumala

ABSTRACT Botox has been utilized mostly in cosmetic treatment for lines and wrinkles on the face, and it is a neurotoxin derived from bacterium clostridium botulinum. For nearly 18 years, until the introduction of Botox Cosmetic in 2002, the only FDA-approved uses of Botox have been for crossed eyes (strabismus) and abnormal muscle spasms of the eyelids (blepharospasm). The toxicant of botulinum which can be commercially used: (Botox); Onabotulinumtoxin A, (Dysport); Abobotulinumtoxin A; (Xeomin), Incobotulinumtoxin A; (Myobloc), Rimabotulinumtoxin B; considering then botulinum A, and the seven different forms of the botulinum toxin, had been constantly researched and examined.The toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ach), a neurotransmitter responsible for the activation of muscle contraction and glandular secretion, and its administration outcomes in the reduction of tone inside the injected muscle. Botox injections are regularly used to cope with glabellar frown strains, wrinkles round the lips (smoker’s traces), blepharospasm and hyperhidrosis as nicely platysmal bands within the neck, also strabismus moreover as synkinesis following the facial surgical operation. The various injection techniques used are intradermal, deep intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraglandular. The research presented here outlines potential uses of Botoxand how it works, therapeutic uses as well various injection techniques used.