Immune Defense Mechanism Evolved in Bats & Pangolins

Author Name : Yashika Saini, Ravi Kant Rahi, Varsha Gupta, Deepesh Neelam, Devki Sain

ABSTRACT

Viruses, in this world, are the only source of infection which has no solution except vaccine. And it is proved that the animals like bats as well as pangolins are the most common source of transmitting viruses to humans. Evolution made their immune system superficial for being a perfect host for viruses, which mutated a special mechanism of tolerance as well as resistance, which both of the animals uses as their defense strategy against a virus. Infections caused by viruses transmitted from bats and pangolins to humans are referred to as zoonotic. Bats and pangolins both lack some of the proteins and genes from their immune system due to evolution which had made their interferon response weaker so that that cannot sense some of the viruses which ultimately make the virus to stay in their body itself without causing them ill.  Here, in this review article, we will study about the reasons of their ability to carry viruses without becoming ill. And will also highlight the current status of Corona Virus which has originated from bats and has a mediator carrier before its transmission to humans, along with the latest technique being used in its treatment like Convalescent Plasma.

Keywords:- Convalescent Plasma, Corona Virus, Evolution,  Immune system, Interferon response, Resistance, Tolerance, Vaccine, Zoonotic.