Introduction and Importance of Polyploidy In ...

Introduction and Importance of Polyploidy In Plant Breeding For the Crop Improvement

Author Name : Sumati Devi Potsangbam, Manoj Kumar Pandey, Narlagadda Priyanka

ABSTRACT

Polyploidy exists in all crop plants, though some genomes have been duplicated more recently than others. New insights into genome structure and the history of genome duplications in crop plants have been facilitated by advances in cytogenetic and molecular techniques, such as high-density genetic mapping, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and genome and EST sequencing. We examine the facts and address its significance.This evidence is reviewed, as well as the importance of genome replication to crop improvement was discussed. Polyploidy allows for genome buffering, enhanced allelic diversity and heterozygosity, and the generation of novel phenotypic variation. Loss of duplicated chromatin, changes in gene expression, novel epistatic interactions, and endosperm effects are all common side effects of polyploid formation. For marker aided selection and crop plant enhancement to be optimal, both of these considerations must be viewed in a genomic sense.

Keyword: Polyploidy, autopolyploidy, allopolyploidy