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Liposomes and nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer treatment
Author Name : Preeti Sangwan
INTRODUCTION Drug delivery using liposomes and nanoparticles are emerging for the rational delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of cancer. Tthis technology offers improved pharmacokinetic properties, controlled and sustained release of drugs and, more importantly, lower systemic toxicity. Commercially liposomal Doxil® and albumin-nanoparticle-based Abraxane® has focused attention on this innovative and exciting technology (1). Advancement in liposome technology offer better treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers and lower cardiotoxicity. Nanoparticles offer a new mode of cancer drug delivery functioning as a carrier for entry through penetration in tumor vasculature allowing direct cell access. Nanoparticles provide increased precision in chemotherapeutic targeting of prostate cancer and new avenues for the treatment of breast cancer. Surface modification of these particles allow exquisite binding to cancer cell membranes, the microenvironment, or to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor sites which results in delivery of high drug concentrations to the targeted cancer cell, with reduced toxicity of normal tissue. Several such drug delivery systems are in clinical practice. The carrier mediated delivery of paclitaxel has already shown significant efficacy in taxane resistant cancers. This approach is highly relevant in prostate cancer, where taxanes are the treatment of choice. Here we review current knowledge on two technologies and their exciting therapeutic approaches for targeting high concentration of drug to cancer cells with reduced injury of normal cells(2).