Prevention and Control of Diabetes

Prevention and Control of Diabetes

Author Name : Deepanshi Goyal, Gopal, Shiv Shankar Tiwari, Ishani Debnath

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most critical global health issues, with over 537 million adults living with the disease in 2021, a number projected to rise to 783 million by 2045. The majority of these cases are attributed to type 2 diabetes, which is largely preventable through lifestyle interventions. This comprehensive review examines the various strategies for preventing and managing diabetes, including lifestyle changes, pharmacologic treatments, technological advancements, and public health policies. Key lifestyle interventions such as dietary modifications, regular physical activity, and weight management have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Pharmacologic interventions, particularly metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors, offer additional support, especially for high-risk individuals Technological solutions, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices and mobile health applications, have revolutionized diabetes care, providing real-time data and remote support for better management. Public health measures like early screening, health campaigns, and policies that address the social determinants of health are critical for widespread diabetes prevention and management. Despite significant progress, barriers such as healthcare inequities and socio-economic challenges continue to hinder global diabetes control efforts. This review emphasizes the importance of integrated, multi-dimensional strategies that combine prevention, treatment, and public health initiatives to combat the growing diabetes epidemic.