Sudan's Crisis: The Intersection of Political...

Sudan's Crisis: The Intersection of Political Instability, Economic Collapse, and Humanitarian Disaster

Author Name : Arfa Ajaz, Dr Jyotika Teckchandani

ABSTRACT The Sudan crisis is a complex conflict driven by historical, political, ethnic, and economic factors, which has resulted in widespread humanitarian suffering and regional instability. Sudan's colonial legacy of ethnic division, coupled with deep-rooted political instability, has led to frequent conflicts, particularly in regions like Darfur. The 2019 ousting of President Omar al-Bashir created a power vacuum, escalating tensions between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), culminating in violent clashes in 2023. This military-paramilitary conflict has led to thousands of civilian casualties, mass displacement, and a humanitarian disaster. Sudan’s economic challenges, including hyperinflation, the loss of oil revenue, and widespread poverty, have been further compounded by internal conflicts and international sanctions. Climate change, manifesting in desertification and water scarcity, has intensified local disputes, particularly between farmers and pastoralists, further destabilising the country. The ongoing crisis has led to food insecurity, the collapse of healthcare systems, and severe human rights violations, with both the SAF and RSF accused of atrocities. Despite efforts by international organizations like the UN and the African Union to mediate and provide aid, progress has been slow due to the fragmented nature of the conflict and external interference. A lasting solution requires addressing Sudan’s ethnic and political divisions, implementing power-sharing governance, and prioritizing post-conflict reconciliation and justice. Comprehensive international support is critical to stabilizing the country and preventing further escalation.