Tooth Resorption: Classification, Types and V...

Tooth Resorption: Classification, Types and Various Internal Tooth Resorption - A Narrative Review

Author Name : Numa Sarang, Aqsa Rawoot, Khamrunnisa Sayed, Kamil Makrani, Dr. Srilatha S, Dr. Hussain Mookhtiyar, Dr. Vivek Hegde

ABSTRACT Tooth root resorption is a complex condition involving gradual breakdown & eventual loss of tooth’s root dentin and cementum. It can be classified into internal and external types. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the classification, types, and mechanisms underlying ITR, highlighting its clinical relevance and implications for dental practice. Internal tooth resorption (ITR) is a rare yet significant pathological condition characterized by the progressive loss of dentin and sometimes enamel due to the activation of odontoclastic cells within the pulp chamber or root canal. ITR is broadly categorized based on its etiology, clinical presentation, and radiographic features. It can manifest in different forms, including inflammatory and replacement resorption, each with distinct pathological and radiological characteristics. Factors contributing to the onset of ITR include trauma, infection, orthodontic treatment, and iatrogenic causes, with the condition often progressing asymptomatically until it reaches advanced stages. This review explores the mechanisms driving the resorptive process, including the role of odontoclast activation, pulp tissue exposure, and the impact of inflammatory mediators. Diagnostic strategies, including advanced imaging modalities such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), are discussed for early and accurate detection. Emphasis is placed on differentiating ITR from external resorption and other pathologies to ensure appropriate management. Understanding the types and progression of ITR is essential for clinicians to implement timely interventions. Treatment modalities, ranging from endodontic therapy to surgical approaches, are tailored to the severity and location of resorption. By shedding light on this complex condition, the review aims to enhance diagnostic acumen and therapeutic outcomes in managing internal tooth resorption.