Tunnels and Tunneling Operations Introduction...

Tunnels and Tunneling Operations Introduction to Past and Modern Era

Author Name : Atul Prakash Kadam, Dr. M. R.Vaidya

ABSTRACT Tunnels stand as crucial infrastructural elements, finding applications in diverse construction projects such as roads, railways, defense installations, and pipeline installations. Their varied shapes result from considerations of function, ground conditions, and material availability. The complexity of tunnels is dictated by safety requirements, construction codes, and functional necessities, incorporating systems like lighting, ventilation, drainage, fire detectionand suppression, communication, and traffic control. Given the confined and limited access within tunnels, meticulous planning is essential for their operation, maintenance, and inspection to ensure a high level of safety for the public. The construction of tunnels involves a series of basic operations that must be executed in a sequence. These fundamental tunneling operations have evolved over time, reflecting advancements in technology and construction practices. This paper aims to provide insights into tunnels, encompassing various tunneling operations essential for their construction. A comparative analysis of tunneling operations in historical contexts versus modern times is presented, emphasizing the transformative impact of ultramodern technology on tunnel construction. Case studies highlighting the utilization of cutting-edge technology in contemporary tunnel construction serve to illustrate the practical implementation of these advancements. The synthesis of historical methods and state-of-the- art technologies in tunneling contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of tunnel construction practices.