Universe: 3D, 2D and 1D space

Universe: 3D, 2D and 1D space

Author Name : Sócrates Georges Petrakis

ABSTRACT

Two hypotheses stand out in describing the extreme states of contraction and expansion of the Universe. The predominant one predicts that our universe does not conserve its total energy and will have thermal death. The other hypothesis considers that the Universe is cyclical, and the end of its expansion will result in a new beginning. Although different, there is a possibility that both hypotheses are correct. This proposal aims to demonstrate this perspective by developing a complementary model. Emphasizing that energy is not created or lost, it is exchanged, and considering that the entire Universe is the holder of all existence(mass and energy) at every instant, the total energy must be conserved; even in expansion, the external work is null, when there is nothing outside for the exchange of energy. With our Universe (edge) not conserving its total energy (relativity), the presence of internal components becomes necessary .Pointing out the necessity of a static state to begin or end any motion (expansion) and applying the concept of complete rest energy (1D and 2D space), extreme states are defined and equated, demonstrating that the Universe is spatially dynamic on perpetual temporal dimension, even though it has thermal death instants (null motion). 

Keywords: Conservation, Energy, Dynamic, Universe, Entropy.