Recent Advances in ELISA Technologies for Bio...

Recent Advances in ELISA Technologies for Biomarker Detection in Clinical and Pharmacological Research

Author Name : Yu-Li LI, Sreemoy Kanti Das, Yi-Xuan Liu, Wen-Dong LI

ABSTRACT Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques for the detection and quantification of biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, antibodies, and hormones. Due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, ELISA has become a cornerstone method in clinical diagnostics and pharmacological research. In recent years, technological advancements have significantly improved the performance of ELISA, enabling ultra-sensitive detection, multiplex biomarker analysis, and point-of-care testing. Innovations such as nanotechnology-based ELISA, digital ELISA, microfluidic ELISA platforms, and multiplex assays have expanded its application in disease diagnosis, therapeutic drug monitoring, and biomarker discovery. This review highlights the principles of ELISA, discusses recent technological advancements, and explores their applications in clinical diagnostics and pharmacological research. Additionally, the limitations of traditional ELISA and future perspectives for improving assay sensitivity and automation are also discussed.