Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of ...

Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Quality of Madhepura District (Bihar) and Human Health Risk Assessment due to Heavy Metal Contamination

Author Name : Sonam Kumari, Prof. (Dr.) Naresh Kumar

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56025/IJARESM.2026.14062608

ABSTRACT Groundwater is the primary source of drinking and domestic water supply in Madhepura District of Bihar, located in the Kosi alluvial plain. Rapid population growth, agricultural intensification, geogenic processes, and anthropogenic activities have significantly influenced groundwater quality in recent years. This study investigates the seasonal variation (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) in physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in groundwater of Madhepura District, with special emphasis on health risk assessment. Water samples were analyzed for pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), major ions, and heavy metals such as arsenic (As), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr).